Understanding CAPM Variables
- Risk-Free Rate: This is the theoretical return of an investment with zero risk. In practice, the yield of a 10-year government bond is used (e.g., the US Treasury yield or the Indian G-Sec yield).
- Beta (β): Beta measures a stock's volatility in relation to the overall market. A beta of 1.0 means the stock moves exactly with the market. A beta of 1.5 means it is 50% more volatile (risky) than the market. A beta of 0.5 means it is 50% less volatile (defensive).
- Equity Risk Premium (ERP): This is the extra return that investors demand for taking on the risk of investing in the stock market instead of buying risk-free government bonds. (Market Return minus Risk-Free Rate).
- Cost of Equity (Ke): The final output. This is the rate of return that a company must offer to compensate equity investors for the risk they undertake. It is a critical component in calculating a company's WACC (Weighted Average Cost of Capital).