The ESOP Trap: Why Founders Lose More Than They Think
- Pre-Money vs Post-Money: If you raise ₹1 Cr on a ₹4 Cr Pre-Money valuation, the Post-Money valuation becomes ₹5 Cr. The investor owns 20% (1Cr / 5Cr), not 25%.
- The ESOP Shuffle: VCs will almost always mandate that a 10% to 15% Option Pool (ESOP) for future employees be created before their money enters (in the pre-money). This means the founders absorb 100% of the dilution for the ESOP pool.
- The Math: If you own 100%, and an investor takes 20%, you should have 80% left. But because they forced a 10% ESOP pool into the pre-money, you actually only have 70% left!
- Rule of Thumb: Every time you raise money, expect to lose 20% to the investor and another 10% to the ESOP pool. By Series B, most founders own less than 40% of their company.